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UPSC 2025 Prelims & Mains Syllabus with Important Topics

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is one of the most prestigious exam-conducting bodies in India. Every year, lakhs of aspirants appear for the Civil Services Examination (CSE) to secure positions like IAS, IPS, IFS, and IRS. If you are preparing for UPSC 2025, the first step is to understand the syllabus and important topics for both Prelims and Mains. This blog provides a complete guide to the UPSC 2025 syllabus, along with preparation strategies and high-scoring areas.

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UPSC 2025 Exam Pattern Overview

The UPSC Civil Services Exam is conducted in three stages:

• Preliminary Exam (Prelims) – Objective type, qualifying in nature.
• Main Exam (Mains) – Descriptive, includes 9 papers.
• Interview/Personality Test – Final stage for assessment.

Only candidates who qualify in the Prelims can appear for the Mains, and successful candidates are called for the Personality Test.

UPSC 2025 Prelims Syllabus

The UPSC Prelims consists of two papers:

Paper I: General Studies (GS)

This paper tests your knowledge of current events, history, polity, geography, economy, and environment. Important topics include:

• Current Affairs: National and international events.
• History of India: Indian National Movement, ancient and medieval history.
• Geography: Physical, social, and economic geography of India and the world.
• Polity: Indian Constitution, governance, political system, Panchayati Raj, rights issues.
• Economy: Economic and social development, sustainable development, poverty, inclusion.
• Environment: Biodiversity, climate change, environmental ecology.
• Science & Technology: Developments in everyday science.

Paper II: CSAT (Civil Services Aptitude Test)

This paper is qualifying in nature but requires careful preparation. Key areas include:

• Comprehension
• Interpersonal skills
• Logical reasoning and analytical ability
• Decision-making and problem-solving
• General mental ability
• Numerical ability and data interpretation

UPSC 2025 Mains Syllabus

The UPSC Mains exam is descriptive and consists of 9 papers. Here’s a detailed breakdown:

Paper A: Compulsory Indian Language

Qualifying in nature. Candidates choose one language from the list of Indian languages in the Constitution.

Paper B: English

Also qualifying. Tests comprehension, grammar, and essay writing skills.

Paper I: Essay

Candidates write essays on multiple topics. Preparation tip: practice structuring essays with introductions, balanced arguments, and conclusions.

Paper II: General Studies I

• Indian heritage and culture
• History of India and world history
• Geography of India and the world
• Society and social issues

Paper III: General Studies II

• Governance, Constitution, and polity
• International relations
• Social justice and welfare schemes

Paper IV: General Studies III

• Technology, economic development, and security
• Environment, biodiversity, and disaster management
• Agriculture and food security

Paper V: General Studies IV

• Ethics, integrity, and aptitude
• Case studies on ethical dilemmas

Papers VI & VII: Optional Subjects

Candidates choose one optional subject with two papers. Popular choices include Geography, Public Administration, Sociology, and Political Science.

Important Topics for UPSC 2025

• Current Affairs 2024–2025: Budget, Economic Survey, G20, COP summits.
• Polity: Constitutional amendments, Supreme Court judgments, federalism issues.
• Economy: RBI policies, inflation, GST updates, digital economy.
• International Relations: India’s relations with neighbors, UN reforms, global conflicts.
• Environment: Climate policies, renewable energy, conservation projects.
• Science & Tech: ISRO missions, Artificial Intelligence, Digital India initiatives.
• Ethics: Integrity, transparency, and accountability in governance.

Preparation Tips for UPSC 2025

1. Start with NCERTs to build a strong foundation.
2. Read The Hindu or Indian Express daily for current affairs.
3. Make concise notes for quick revision.
4. Practice previous year question papers and mock tests.
5. Stay consistent and revise regularly.

Final Words

The UPSC 2025 syllabus covers a wide range of topics, and success depends on understanding the exam pattern, focusing on high-weightage areas, and consistent practice. By mastering both Prelims and Mains subjects and keeping updated with current affairs, you can maximize your chances of cracking the exam.

For detailed study resources, Sarkari job updates, and exam strategies, visit Job Hunt India or explore the latest articles on the Job Hunt India Blog.

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